Zika Virus vs. Dengue: Challenges in Accurate Diagnosis and Tips for Mosquito Bite Prevention

New Delhi, India – Zika virus and dengue are both flaviviruses spread primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Accurate diagnosis is challenging due to potential cross-reactivity in diagnostic tests, especially in regions where multiple flaviviruses are endemic.

In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Subrata Das, HOD – Internal Medicine and Diabetology at Sakra World Hospital in Bengaluru, highlighted the unique challenges posed by Zika virus. “What sets Zika apart is its ability to be transmitted in multiple ways, including sexual transmission, which complicates control and prevention strategies. Compared to other viruses spread by mosquitoes, Zika virus infection is linked to a higher prevalence of Guillain-Barré syndrome, a rare neurological condition that causes paralysis and muscular weakness.”

Dr. Das explained that most Zika patients exhibit minimal or no symptoms. However, if a pregnant person contracts the virus, the fetus may be exposed, leading to serious congenital conditions such as impaired brain development and vision. Symptoms of Zika virus can include fever, headaches, joint discomfort, conjunctivitis (redness in the whites of the eyes), and a maculopapular rash, which consists of both raised and flat red regions of skin.

Dr. Das advised, “It is essential to protect oneself from mosquito bites by applying insect repellent, sleeping under mosquito nets, and avoiding travel to locations where the Zika virus is common to prevent infection. Treatment for Zika virus is currently limited to symptomatic treatment, as a vaccine is still under development.”

Recent reports confirmed that two individuals from the Pimpri-Chinchwad areas tested positive for the Zika virus infection, as confirmed by the National Institute of Virology (NIV). Additionally, eight more cases of the infection were reported in Pune district on Friday. Out of the total cases reported, six were from Pune and two cases each from Pune Rural and PCMC. Since July 20, Pune district has reported 65 Zika virus cases.